Subsume meaning in bengali4/3/2023 (eds), Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993, pp. For the cumulative impact of these scholars, see Dirks, N., ‘ Colonial Histories and Native Informants: The Biography of an Archive’ in Breckenridge, C. Also see Ramaswamy, S., The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India, Durham, Duke University Press, 2010 Google Scholar, for an exploration of the production and dissemination of the geo-body of the Indian nation, and its role in producing an Indian ‘motherland’ in the colonial and post-colonial contexts of India.Ĥ7 For the impact of James Mill's ideas on Indian history, see Majeed, J., Ungoverned Imaginings: James Mill's ‘The History of British India’ and Orientalism, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992 CrossRef Google Scholar. Ramaswamy, The Lost Land of Lemuria: Fabulous Geographies, Catastrophic Histories, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004, investigates the fascination with vanished homelands, hidden civilizations, and forgotten peoples among Western scholars as well as Tamil nationalists through the concept of ‘labours of loss’. Sen, S., ‘ A Juvenile Periphery: The Geographies of Literary Childhood in Colonial Bengal’, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, Volume 5, Number 1, Spring 2004, CrossRef Google Scholar, discusses the role of juvenile literature in familiarizing children from colonial Bengal with the map and geography of South Asia. Barrow, I., Making History, Drawing Territory: British Mapping in India c.1756–1905, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2003 Google Scholar, demonstrates how different historical arguments were used to justify British possessions in India as the nature of the imperium evolved, and how those arguments were both inscribed in, and legitimated through, maps. The centrality of colonial mapping practices to create and define the spatial image of the British empire in South Asia is discussed in Edney, M., Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India 1765–1843, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1997 CrossRef Google Scholar. For an engagement with the idea of ethno-linguistic homelands in South Asia, see Bayly, C., Origins of Nationality in South Asia: Patriotism and Ethical Government in the Making of Modern India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1998 Google Scholar. It contends that the putative nation-space articulates the hegemony of the Anglo-vernacular middle classes, that is, English educated, upper caste, male Hindus where women, non-Hindus, and the labouring classes are marginalized.ġ0 For a discussion on the importance of geographical knowledge to the governance of British India, see Bayly, C., Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India 1780−1870, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996 Google Scholar. Unlike in Europe, where the ideas of homeland and nation overlap, these writers imagined the Indian nation-space as one that encompassed diverse ethno-linguistic homelands. The article further argues that the later writers make a distinction between the idea of a ‘homeland’ and a ‘nation’. It contends that this process of secularization posits Hinduism as the civil religion of India. The article argues that for Tagore the mountains are the ‘holy lands of Brahma’, while Sen and Bharati depict the Himalaya with a political slant and secularize the space of Hindu sacred geography. It examines sections of Devendranath Tagore's autobiography, written around 1856–58, before discussing the travelogues of Jaladhar Sen and Ramananda Bharati from the closing years of the nineteenth century. This article examines changing conceptions of the Himalaya in nineteenth-century Bengali travelogues from that of a sacred space to a spatial metaphor of a putative nation-space.
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